some applications are critical and must designed fault tolerant system. usually voting algorithm is one of the principle elements of a fault tolerant system. two kinds of voting algorithm are used in most applications, they are majority voting algorithm and weighted average algorithm these algorithms have some problems. majority confronts with the problem of threshold limits and voter of weight...

Introduction Embedded systems are like normal desktop systems in that they have functional requirements, that is, functions that the system is expected to perform, such as moving the robot arms. One of the ways embedded systems differ from desktop systems is that they also have significant quality of service (QoS) requirements as well. In real-time embedded systems, for example, timeliness and ...

Until recently, the preferred language for developing safety critical applications has been Ada, but this is beginning to change. The number of developers willing to program in Ada is diminishing, while the complexity of applications is increasing. Where as C and C++ are poor alternatives to Ada, realtime Java specifications have benefited from strong cross fertilisation from the Ada community,...